This occurs when a thief uses a child’s social security number (SSN) or other identifying data to open new accounts or obtain government benefits in the child’s name. Parents might not discover this until the child is older and tries to apply for their first job, credit card or student loan.

Warning signs:

• Receiving collection calls or bills for accounts you didn’t open.
• Being denied government benefits due to an existing account or credit file.
• Receiving prescreened credit card or loan offers in your child’s name.

In this type of identity theft, the criminal creates a new identity by combining real and fake personal information, such as a real (stolen) SSN with a made-up name and address. This can be challenging to detect and resolve.

Warning signs:

• Getting bills or debt collection notices for an account you don’t recognize.
• Being denied credit, loans or government benefits due to a poor credit history.
• Finding unfamiliar accounts on your credit report.

When an identity thief gains access to your medical information, they can use it to obtain treatment and prescription drugs, or even file fraudulent medical claims in your name. This can impact your credit report and medical history.

Warning signs:

• Medical bills for treatments you did not receive.
• Strange activity on your medical record, such as unfamiliar treatments, procedures or prescriptions.
• Being denied insurance coverage due to reaching your limit.

Identity thieves may use your social security number to file a fraudulent tax return and claim a refund. This can result in delayed tax refunds and the need to prove your identity to the IRS.

Warning signs:

• Receiving letters from the IRS about suspicious tax returns or other activity filed in your name.
• Receiving W-2 forms from employees you don’t recognize (if you’re a business owner).
• Being notified about seized tax returns or fines for owed taxes related to returns you did not file.

In this scenario, an identity thief provides your personal information to law enforcement when arrested, potentially leading to wrongful criminal charges and a tarnished reputation. 

Warning signs:

• Finding criminal charges or arrests on your record where there shouldn’t be any.
• Being denied employment, housing or other opportunities due to a criminal background.
• Receiving a court summons or notice about a legal proceeding you are not involved in.

Identity thieves may use your personal information to open new credit cards or take out loans in your name, damaging your credit history and score. According to our research, this is the most common type of fraud, affecting 389,737 people in 2023.

Warning signs:

• Being denied loans or benefits due to existing debt or unexpectedly poor credit.
• Receiving bills or collection notices for unfamiliar credit card issuers on accounts you did not open.
• Finding unfamiliar public records associated with your name, such as liens or judgments.

Criminals may gain access to your existing financial accounts, including bank accounts and credit cards, and make unauthorized transactions.

Warning signs:

• Finding unauthorized transactions in your bank, credit card or other financial statements.
• Seeing accounts that you didn’t open listed on your credit report.
• Receiving notifications about password changes or login attempts from a device that does not belong to you.

One of the best ways to prevent financial identity theft is to regularly check your credit reports for suspicious activity. You’re entitled to one free credit report from each of the three major credit bureaus (Equifax, Experian and TransUnion) every 12 months through the annual credit report website.

Regularly review your bank and credit card statements for any unfamiliar activity. Report any suspicious activity to your banks, credit card companies and other relevant financial institutions.

Many identity fraud cases start with a simple rummage through someone’s trash. Make sure to properly dispose of all sensitive documents (bank statements, credit card statements, financial documents and other identifying documents) by shredding them before throwing them away.

Keep your computers, smartphones and other electronic devices updated, especially if the update contains critical security patches.

No, we don’t mean just one strong password that you use for everything. If you use the same password on multiple accounts, all of them can be hacked at the same time. You need to have a unique password for each of your online accounts, including financial and email accounts. To make things easier, use a password manager to generate and store strong passwords securely.

Two-factor authentication (2FA) adds a second verification step for your account, which requires you to verify all logins via an app on your mobile device or through email. Activate it on all of your accounts to prevent unwanted logins.

Viruses and other malware can infect your electronic devices and potentially steal your data. Installing antivirus or antimalware software on your device will protect it from most viral infections. We also recommend running a regular online backup so you can restore your files in case they become corrupted.

A virtual private network (VPN) is a piece of software that encrypts all of your internet traffic. That includes activity on banking sites or financial apps. When you use a VPN, no one can see your online activity, which can help prevent identity theft — though you have to use a reliable VPN provider with a strict no-logs policy.

Public WiFi networks are particularly attractive to hackers, who can attain close proximity to your device via the shared network you’re both using. This enables certain types of cyberattacks that would normally be impossible over the internet. Do not access sensitive information, especially financial accounts, while on public WiFi (and turn that VPN on for good measure).

Be cautious of unsolicited emails, text messages or phone calls that request personal information, especially if the caller should already have it (banks already have your bank account numbers on file, and the IRS already knows your SSN).

Be selective about what you put online, especially on public social media. Avoid oversharing and be cautious when sharing personal data with businesses — only provide the bare minimum when required.

Avoid carrying your social security card with you and don’t share your social security number with anyone unless it’s absolutely necessary.

If you have children, check their credit reports regularly for any signs of identity theft. If you find any open accounts that you didn’t set up, contact the relevant credit card issuers. This can help catch and resolve issues early on before they have a chance to impact your child’s credit score.

You can use several services to remove your data from the hands of data brokers (companies that collect, purchase and resell personal information). Services like Incogni and OneRep will contact data brokers on your behalf to get your data removed. It’s the closest thing to actually scrubbing yourself off the web.

As a last-ditch effort to prevent identity theft, you can always place a credit freeze. This will restrict access to your report and make it more difficult for identity thieves to open new accounts or take loans in your name. Keep in mind that this is a way to stop identity theft in progress, not necessarily prevent it, and it isn’t the most practical solution.

If your wallet or purse gets lost or stolen, an identity thief can gain access to all kinds of sensitive documents, including your driver’s license and credit cards. They may learn identifying info that could help them guess your passwords, and they might even be able to access your mobile devices to gain direct access to payment apps and your personal accounts.

• Keep your wallet or purse in a secure location at all times.
• Carry only the bare essentials.
• Report lost or stolen credit and debit cards to your credit card issuer.
• Do not use passwords that can be guessed from information on your ID cards.

Sometimes stealing personal information can be as simple as taking it out of the trash. If you don’t properly dispose of documents containing identifying data, someone might find it in the garbage and use it to defraud you. If you need to keep digital files, take them off your computer and store them in secure cloud storage instead.

• Shred all sensitive documents before disposing of them.

All kinds of sensitive data gets sent over old-fashioned snail mail, which makes mailboxes a treasure trove for identity thieves. 

• Keep an eye on your mailbox.
• Remove all mail from the mailbox as soon as it arrives.
• Shred old letters before disposing of them.

Large-scale data breaches at businesses, government agencies or financial institutions can expose the personal and identifying data of their users. This data usually ends up on the dark web, where it can be sold to hackers and identity thieves.

• Use a dark web monitoring service, like the one NordVPN offers.
• Keep an eye out for data breach news on the internet.
• If any of your passwords are compromised in a data breach, change them immediately.

Our research shows that phishing scams are the most common vector for identity theft. Phishing is a form of cyberattack where the victim is targeted by an email or phone call asking for identifying information. These emails or calls often come from someone impersonating a distant relative, coworker, financial worker, or another familiar or authoritative person.

• Never open links in emails from unknown senders.
• Never send personal information to anybody whose identity you cannot confirm.
• Be especially wary of emails that try to create a sense of urgency using tricks like dire warnings and red fonts.
• Double-check email addresses and links for spelling errors.
• Verify requests for information via a separate call or email to the institution.

Skimming devices can scan your payment cards as well as steal your credit and debit card information. These are usually installed on ATMs, gas pumps and other public payment terminals.

Spyware is a type of malware that steals data from compromised computers. Spyware can infect your device and transmit personal information that it finds on your computer, or create a covert connection that lets the identity thief monitor your keystrokes and other activity.

• Install antivirus software on all your devices and run regular scans.
• Use a VPN with a malware blocker.
• Do not click links in emails from unknown senders, as these often download malware.

Most crypto scams just aim to directly defraud people by getting them to invest in a fake cryptocurrency, but some crypto scams are a bit more insidious. Scammers may direct you to click on a malicious link that will ask you for your crypto wallet ID and passkey. The link promises you money, but the scammer can use it to drain your entire crypto savings.

• Do not click on crypto-related links from unknown people.
• Do not give your wallet passkey or passphrase to anyone.

Scammers can set up a fake e-store to get people to submit their payment card info, usually with a name similar to a reputable outlet (for example, “amazom.com” instead of “amazon.com”). Phishing links may direct victims to these suspicious sites, or you might find them by accident with a common typo.

• Double-check the URLs of the shopping sites you use.
• Avoid shopping at sites you can’t verify as legitimate.
• Don’t follow emailed links to shopping sites; always navigate to the original site yourself.

Scams come in all shapes and sizes, and we can’t list them all here. Some scammers have unique approaches that can blindside you, such as romance scams, grandparent scams and other tactics that rely on building relationships over time. In these cases, it’s best to look for warning signs and cut off contact before you overshare.

• Don’t believe the people you interact with online if you can’t confirm their identity.
• Avoid forming online relationships with people you’ve never seen.
• Don’t give personal information to people online, especially if you haven’t seen them IRL or on a video call.